Sparse recovery formulation for secure distance-based localization in the presence of cheating anchors

Wireless Networks - Secure localization in the presence of cheating anchors is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks, where compromised anchors attempt to falsify the measured distances in...     

Synthesis and characterization of porous platelet-shaped α-Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> with enhanced photocatalytic activity for 17α-ethynylestradiol

The porous platelet-shaped α-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a novel hydrothermal–calcination method assisted with ethylenediamine and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The physical and chemical properties of α-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst were characterized based on XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDS, UV–Vis DRS, and PL techniques. The influence of preparation conditions on the formation of α-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst was investigated, and the effect of catalyst dosage and pH value on the EE2 removal rate was also investigated. The synthesized porous platelet-shaped α-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), and 97.8% of EE2 was removed after 75 min of visible light irradiation using α-Bi₂O₃ as photocatalyst. The reaction rate constant over the porous platelet-shaped α-Bi₂O₃ photocatalyst was 11.6 and 11.4 times of that of traditional α-Bi₂O₃ and N-TiO₂, respectively. The possible photocatalytic mechanism has been discussed on the basis of the theoretical calculation and the experimental results. The porous platelet-shaped α-Bi₂O₃ was a stable and efficient photocatalyst, proving that it is a promising photocatalyst.     

Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage of 1.3 V and Low Non-Radiative Voltage Loss of 0.16 V

Compared with inorganic or perovskite solar cells, the relatively large non-radiative recombination voltage losses (ΔV_non-rad) in organic solar cells (OSCs) limit the improvement of the open-circuit voltage (V_oc). Herein, OSCs are fabricated by adopting two pairs of D–π–A polymers (PBT1-C/PBT1-C-2Cl and PBDB-T/PBDB-T-2Cl) as electron donors and a wide-bandgap molecule BTA3 as the electron acceptor. In these blends, a charge-transfer state energy (E_CT) as high as 1.70–1.76 eV is achieved, leading to small energetic differences between the singlet excited states and charge-transfer states (ΔE_CT ≈ 0.1 eV). In addition, after introducing chlorine atoms into the π-bridge or the side chain of benzodithiophene (BDT) unit, electroluminescence external quantum efficiencies as high as 1.9 × 10⁻³ and 1.0 × 10⁻³ are realized in OSCs based on PBTI-C-2Cl and PBDB-T-2Cl, respectively. Their corresponding ΔV_non-rad are 0.16 and 0.17 V, which are lower than those of OSCs based on the analog polymers without a chlorine atom (0.21 and 0.24 V for PBT1-C and PBDB-T, respectively), resulting in high V_oc of 1.3 V. The ΔV_non-rad of 0.16 V and V_oc of 1.3 V achieved in PBT1-C-2Cl:BTA3 OSCs are thought to represent the best values for solution-processed OSCs reported in the literature so far.     

四川某黏土矿中钪和钛的焙烧浸出试验研究

以四川某地含钪、钛、稀土黏土矿为研究对象,进行钠盐焙烧-酸浸、直接酸浸、硫酸化焙烧-水浸、空白焙烧-酸浸探索试验。结果表明,直接酸浸、空白焙烧-酸浸对钪和钛的回收效果均不好。硫酸化焙烧-水浸对钛的回收效果很好,但钪的浸出率较低。钠盐焙烧-酸浸试验结果表明,适宜的焙烧条件为:碳酸钠用量80%,焙烧温度800℃,焙烧时间1h；适宜的浸出条件为:10v.%硫酸,液固比20:1,浸出温度60℃,搅拌浸出时间2h；钪的浸出率为89.98%,钛的浸出率为80.55%。液固比对钪和钛的浸出率有显著影响,增大液固比可以暂时解决硅酸造成的过滤困难的问题。      

伊利石对煤泥水过滤机制的影响研究

煤泥水中微细粒伊利石的表面的结构及存在的离子使其界面间作用过程十分复杂,而微细伊利石表面易水化,严重影响煤泥脱水。为了研究微细粒伊利石对煤泥水过滤性能的影响,以阳离子表面活性剂1831、阴离子表面活性剂SDBS以及非离子聚丙烯酰胺NPAM为助滤剂,进行含伊利石煤泥水的过滤试验;并借助Materials Studio 8.0软件,通过分子动力学模拟(MD)从微观角度研究了微细伊利石表面对1831、NPAM、SDBS及H_2O的吸附行为,进一步揭示过程中的微观作用机理。研究结果表明:随伊利石质量分数的增加,煤泥水的过滤时间延长和滤饼水分增加,当伊利石质量分数超过8%后,煤泥水的过滤脱水效果急剧恶化;药剂用量小于50 g/t时,1831作用下含伊利石煤泥水的脱水速度的提升和滤饼水分的降低效果最好,NPAM次之,SDBS效果较差;分子动力学模拟得出H_2O在伊利石(001)面聚集效果:SDBS>NPAM>1831,SDBS作用下H_2O在伊利石表面更易聚集形成水化膜。     

深部元素地气迁移的分量化探证据：以郴州金狮岭铀多金属矿床为例

以地气理论为基础的分量化探技术被广泛应用于深部隐伏矿床勘查。深部矿体信息随地气迁移到地表形成叠加异常，分量化探技术可用于采集分析这部分信息来推测深部矿体的赋存状态。以位于湖南省郴州市的金狮岭铀多金属矿床为研究对象，在早期钻探工作、伽马能谱和氡浓度测量成果的基础上，利用分量化探技术探求深部元素地气迁移的证据，为进一步寻找深部隐伏矿床提供理论基础。在该矿区选定了氡浓度异常明显的3条采样线，对采自深度为40~60 cm的浅层土壤147件样品中的U、Pb、Zn等20个元素进行了分量提取和ICP-MS分析，并对分析数据进行了U分量异常特征分析、相关分析、聚类分析，U分量异常地质综合剖面分析以及土壤U分量与伽马能谱U含量的对比分析解译。结果表明：①区内3#、8#测线U分量异常明显，最大值分别为2 194 ng/g和2 167 ng/g，异常衬度值分别为1.298和1.403，区内具有良好的铀矿找矿潜力；②与U分量密切相关的元素为Nd、Sm、Ta，相关系数分别达到0.465，0.492和0.491，远高于99%置信度的临界值0.217，显示其随着地气迁移过程中与U密切相关；③U分量异常主要与深部隐伏矿体、断裂破碎带有关，U分量曲线与Nd、Sm、Ta分量曲线高度吻合，U、Nd、Sm、Ta分量异常组合可作为该区指示深部铀矿体的地球化学标志。